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<title>Physical security</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Physical security</span></span>

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</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Modern <a href="Prisons" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisons">prisons</a> are among some of the most physically secure facilities, with almost every area under tight <a href="Access_control" title="Access control">access control</a> and <a href="Surveillance" title="Surveillance">surveillance</a>. Pictured here is the exterior of Shata Prison in <a href="Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, which is secured through the use of high fences, <a href="Razor_wire" title="Razor wire">razor wire</a>, <a href="Protective_barriers" class="mw-redirect" title="Protective barriers">protective barriers</a>, <a href="Guard_towers" class="mw-redirect" title="Guard towers">guard towers</a>, and security lighting.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="Embassy_of_Canada%2C_Washington%2C_D.C." title="Embassy of Canada, Washington, D.C.">Canadian Embassy in Washington, D.C.</a> showing planters being used as vehicle barriers to increase the <a href="Standoff_distance" title="Standoff distance">standoff distance</a>, and barriers and gates along the vehicle entrance.</div></div></div></div></div>

<p><b>Physical security</b> describes <a href="Security" title="Security">security</a> measures that are designed to deny unauthorized access to facilities, equipment, and resources and to protect personnel and property from damage or harm (such as <a href="Espionage" title="Espionage">espionage</a>, <a href="Theft" title="Theft">theft</a>, or <a href="Terrorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorist">terrorist</a> attacks).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Physical security involves the use of multiple layers of interdependent systems that can include <a href="CCTV" class="mw-redirect" title="CCTV">CCTV</a> surveillance, <a href="Security_guards" class="mw-redirect" title="Security guards">security guards</a>, <a href="Protective_barriers" class="mw-redirect" title="Protective barriers">protective barriers</a>, <a href="Lock_(security_device)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock (security device)">locks</a>, <a href="Access_control" title="Access control">access control</a>, <a href="Perimeter_intrusion_detection" title="Perimeter intrusion detection">perimeter intrusion detection</a>, deterrent systems, <a href="Fire_protection" title="Fire protection">fire protection</a>, and other systems designed to protect persons and property.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>Physical security systems for protected facilities can be intended to:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Security_Engineering_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Security_Engineering-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li>deter potential intruders (e.g. warning signs, <a href="Security_lighting" title="Security lighting">security lighting</a>);</li>

<li>detect intrusions, and identify, monitor and record intruders (e.g. <a href="Security_alarm" title="Security alarm">security alarms</a>, <a href="Access_control" title="Access control">access control</a> and CCTV systems);</li>

<li>trigger appropriate incident responses (e.g. by security guards and police);</li>

<li>delay or prevent hostile movements (e.g. <a href="Door_security" title="Door security">door reinforcements</a>, <a href="Grille_(architecture)" title="Grille (architecture)">grilles</a>);</li>

<li>protect the assets (e.g. <a href="Safe" title="Safe">safes</a>).</li></ul>

<p>It is up to security designers, architects and analysts to balance security controls against risks, taking into account the costs of specifying, developing, testing, implementing, using, managing, monitoring and maintaining the controls, along with broader issues such as <a href="Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetics</a>, <a href="Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>, health and safety, and societal norms or conventions. Physical access security measures that are appropriate for a high security <a href="Prison" title="Prison">prison</a> or a military site may be inappropriate in an office, a home or a vehicle, although the principles are similar.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elements_and_design">Elements and design</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deterrence">Deterrence</h3></div>

<p>The goal of deterrence methods is to convince potential attackers that a successful attack is unlikely due to strong defenses.

</p><p>The initial layer of security for a campus, building, office, or other physical space can use <a href="Crime_prevention_through_environmental_design" title="Crime prevention through environmental design">crime prevention through environmental design</a> to deter threats. Some of the most common examples are also the most basic: warning signs or window stickers, <a href="Fence" title="Fence">fences</a>, vehicle barriers, vehicle height-restrictors, restricted access points, <a href="Security_lighting" title="Security lighting">security lighting</a> and trenches.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PhysicalSecurity_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhysicalSecurity-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_barriers">Physical barriers</h3></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Door_security" title="Door security">Door security</a> and <a href="Window_security" title="Window security">Window security</a></div>

<div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Spikes atop a barrier wall act as a deterrent to people trying to climb over the wall in <a href="Aldgate" title="Aldgate">Aldgate</a>, <a href="London" title="London">London</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Vehicle barrier at the US Mexico border, 2010

Physical barriers such as <a href="Security_fence" class="mw-redirect" title="Security fence">security fences</a>, walls, and <a href="Hostile_vehicle_mitigation" title="Hostile vehicle mitigation">vehicle barriers</a> act as the outermost layer of security. They serve to prevent, or at least delay, attacks, and also act as a psychological deterrent by defining the perimeter of the facility and making intrusions seem more difficult.</div></div></div></div></div>

<p>For example, tall fencing, topped with <a href="Barbed_wire" title="Barbed wire">barbed wire</a>, <a href="Razor_wire" title="Razor wire">razor wire</a> or metal spikes are often emplaced on the perimeter of a property, generally with some type of signage that warns people not to attempt entry. However, in some facilities imposing perimeter walls or fencing will not be possible (e.g. an urban <a href="Office_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Office building">office building</a> that is directly adjacent to public sidewalks) or it may be aesthetically unacceptable (e.g. surrounding a shopping center with tall fences topped with razor wire); in this case, the outer <a href="Perimeter_security" title="Perimeter security">security perimeter</a> will be generally defined as the <a href="Wall" title="Wall">walls</a>, <a href="Window" title="Window">windows</a> and <a href="Door" title="Door">doors</a> of the structure itself.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_lighting">Security lighting</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Natural_surveillance" title="Natural surveillance">Natural surveillance</a></div>

<p><a href="Security_lighting" title="Security lighting">Security lighting</a> is another effective form of deterrence. Intruders are less likely to enter well-lit areas for fear of being seen. Doors, gates, and other entrances, in particular, should be well lit to allow close observation of people entering and exiting. When lighting the grounds of a facility, widely distributed low-intensity lighting is generally superior to small patches of high-intensity lighting, because the latter can have a tendency to create blind spots for security personnel and CCTV cameras. It is important to place lighting in a manner that makes it difficult to tamper with (e.g. suspending lights from tall poles), and to ensure that there is a backup power supply so that security lights will not go out if the electricity is cut off.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The introduction of low-voltage LED-based lighting products has enabled new security capabilities, such as instant-on or strobing, while substantially reducing electrical consumption.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Security_lighting_for_nuclear_power_plants_in_the_United_States">Security lighting for nuclear power plants in the United States</h4></div>

<p>For <a href="Nuclear_power_in_the_United_States" title="Nuclear power in the United States">nuclear power plants in the United States (U.S.)</a>, per the <a href="Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission" title="Nuclear Regulatory Commission">U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)</a>, <a href="Nuclear_safety_and_security#Title_10_CFR_Part_73_(U.S._NRC)" title="Nuclear safety and security">10 CFR Part 73</a>, <i>[security] lighting</i> is mentioned four times. The most notable mentioning contained in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/part-73#p-73.55(i)(6)">10 CFR 73.55(i)(6) Illumination</a>, which clearly identifies that licensees "-shall provide a <b><u>minimum <a href="Illumination_(lighting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Illumination (lighting)">illumination</a> level of 0.2 <a href="Foot-candle" title="Foot-candle">foot-candles</a>,</u></b> measured horizontally at ground level, in the isolation zones and appropriate exterior areas within the protected area-". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/chapter-I/part-73#p-73.55(i)(6)"><sup>[Ref]</sup></a> This is also the minimum illumination level specified in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/chapter-I/part-73/appendix-Appendix%20H%20to%20Part%2073">Table H–2 Minimum Night Firing Criteria of 10 CFR 73 Appendix H</a>, for night firing. Per <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/part-73#p-73.46(b)(7)">10 CFR 73.46(b)(7)</a> "-Tactical Response Team members, armed response personnel, and guards shall qualify and requalify, at least every 12 months, for day and <b>night</b> <b>firing</b> with assigned weapons in accordance with Appendix H-"; therefore on said respective <a href="Shooting_range" title="Shooting range">shooting range</a> <b>[at night]</b> per <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/chapter-I/part-73/appendix-Appendix%20H%20to%20Part%2073">Appendix H, Table H-2</a>, "-all courses [shall have] 0.2 <b><u><a href="Foot-candle" title="Foot-candle">foot-candles</a></u></b> at center mass of target area-" applicable to <a href="Handgun" title="Handgun">handguns</a>, <a href="Shotgun" title="Shotgun">shotguns</a>, and <a href="Rifle" title="Rifle">rifles.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-10/chapter-I/part-73/appendix-Appendix%20H%20to%20Part%2073"><sup>[Ref]</sup></a> 1 <a href="Foot-candle" title="Foot-candle">foot-candle</a> is approximately 10.76 <a href="Lux" title="Lux">lux</a>, therefore the minimum illumination requirements for the above sections also reflect <b><u>2.152 <a href="Lux" title="Lux">lux</a></u></b>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intrusion_detection_and_electronic_surveillance">Intrusion detection and electronic surveillance</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="Surveillance" title="Surveillance">Surveillance</a> and <a href="Intrusion_detection_system" title="Intrusion detection system">Intrusion detection system</a></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alarm_systems_and_sensors">Alarm systems and sensors</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Security_alarm" title="Security alarm">Security alarm</a></div>

<p><a href="Security_alarm" title="Security alarm">Security alarms</a> can be installed to alert security personnel when unauthorized access is attempted. Alarm systems work in tandem with physical barriers, mechanical systems, and security guards, serving to trigger a response when these other forms of security have been breached. They consist of sensors including <a href="Perimeter_intrusion_detection_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Perimeter intrusion detection system">perimeter sensors</a>, <a href="Motion_sensors" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion sensors">motion sensors</a>, contact sensors, and <a href="Glass_break_detector" title="Glass break detector">glass break detectors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>However, alarms are only useful if there is a prompt response when they are triggered. In the reconnaissance phase prior to an actual attack, some intruders will test the response time of security personnel to a deliberately tripped alarm system. By measuring the length of time it takes for a security team to arrive (if they arrive at all), the attacker can determine if an attack could succeed before authorities arrive to neutralize the threat. Loud audible <a href="Alarm_device" title="Alarm device">alarms</a> can also act as a psychological deterrent, by notifying intruders that their presence has been detected.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In some U.S. jurisdictions, law enforcement will not respond to alarms from intrusion detection systems unless the activation has been verified by an eyewitness or video.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Policies like this one have been created to combat the 94–99 percent rate of false alarm activation in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Video_surveillance">Video surveillance</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="CCTV" class="mw-redirect" title="CCTV">CCTV</a></div>

<p><a href="Closed-circuit_television_camera" title="Closed-circuit television camera">Surveillance cameras</a> can be a deterrent<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when placed in highly visible locations and are useful for incident assessment and historical analysis. For example, if alarms are being generated and there is a camera in place, security personnel assess the situation via the camera feed. In instances when an attack has already occurred and a camera is in place at the point of attack, the recorded video can be reviewed. Although the term <a href="Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">closed-circuit television</a> (CCTV) is common, it is quickly becoming outdated as more video systems lose the closed circuit for signal transmission and are instead transmitting on <a href="IP_camera" title="IP camera">IP camera</a> networks.

</p><p>Video monitoring does not necessarily guarantee a human response. A human must be monitoring the situation in real time in order to respond in a timely manner; otherwise, video monitoring is simply a means to gather evidence for later analysis. However, technological advances like <a href="Video_analytics" class="mw-redirect" title="Video analytics">video analytics</a> are reducing the amount of work required for video monitoring as security personnel can be automatically notified of potential security events.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Access_control">Access control</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Access_control" title="Access control">Access control</a></div>

<p><a href="Access_control" title="Access control">Access control</a> methods are used to monitor and control traffic through specific access points and areas of the secure facility. This is done using a variety of methods, including <a href="CCTV" class="mw-redirect" title="CCTV">CCTV</a> <a href="Surveillance" title="Surveillance">surveillance</a>, <a href="Identification_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Identification cards">identification cards</a>, <a href="Security_guards" class="mw-redirect" title="Security guards">security guards</a>, <a href="Biometric_device" title="Biometric device">biometric readers</a>, <a href="Lock_and_key" title="Lock and key">locks</a>, doors, <a href="Turnstile" title="Turnstile">turnstiles</a> and <a href="Gate" title="Gate">gates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mechanical_access_control_systems">Mechanical access control systems</h4></div>

<div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A drop arm optical <a href="Turnstile" title="Turnstile">turnstile</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">An electronic access control system, controlling entry through a door</div></div></div></div></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Lock_(security_device)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock (security device)">Lock (security device)</a></div>

<p><i>Mechanical access control systems</i> include turnstiles, gates, doors, and locks. <a href="Key_management_(access_control)" class="mw-redirect" title="Key management (access control)">Key control</a> of the locks becomes a problem with large user populations and any user turnover. <a href="Key_(lock)" class="mw-redirect" title="Key (lock)">Keys</a> quickly become unmanageable, often forcing the adoption of electronic access control.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Electronic_access_control_systems">Electronic access control systems</h4></div>

<p>Electronic access control systems provide secure access to buildings or facilities by controlling who can enter and exit. Some aspects of these systems can include:

</p>

<ul><li>Access credentials - Access cards, fobs, or badges are used to identify and authenticate authorized users. Information encoded on the credentials is read by card readers at entry points.</li>

<li>Access control panels - These control the system, make access decisions, and are usually located in a secure area. Access control software runs on the panels and interfaces with <a href="Card_reader" title="Card reader">card reader</a>.</li>

<li>Readers - Installed at access points, these read credentials or other data, and send information to the access control panel. Readers can be proximity, magnetic stripe, smart card, <a href="Biometrics" title="Biometrics">biometrics</a>, etc.</li>

<li>Door locking hardware - Electrified locks, electric strikes, or <a href="Electromagnetic_lock" title="Electromagnetic lock">maglocks</a> physically secure doors and release when valid credentials are presented. Integration allows doors to unlock when authorized.</li>

<li>Request to exit devices - These allow free egress through an access point without triggering an alarm. Buttons, motion detectors, and other sensors are commonly used.</li>

<li>Alarms - Unauthorized access attempts or held/forced doors can trigger audible alarms and alerts. Integration with camera systems also occurs.</li>

<li>Access levels - Software can limit access to specific users, groups, and times. For example, some employees may have 24/7 access to all areas while others are restricted.</li>

<li>Event logging - Systems record activity like access attempts, alarms, user tracking, etc. for security auditing and troubleshooting purposes.</li></ul>

<p>Electronic access control uses credential readers, advanced software, and electrified locks to provide programmable, secure access management for facilities. Integration of cameras, alarms and other systems is also common.

</p><p>An additional sub-layer of mechanical/electronic access control protection is reached by integrating a <a href="Key_management" title="Key management">key management</a> system to manage the possession and usage of mechanical keys to locks or property within a building or campus.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Identification_systems_and_access_policies">Identification systems and access policies</h4></div>

<p>Another form of access control (<i>procedural</i>) includes the use of policies, processes and procedures to manage the ingress into the restricted area. An example of this is the deployment of security personnel conducting checks for authorized entry at predetermined points of entry. This form of access control is usually supplemented by the earlier forms of access control (i.e. mechanical and electronic access control), or simple devices such as physical passes.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_personnel">Security personnel</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Security_guard" title="Security guard">Security guard</a></div>

<p><i>Security personnel</i> play a central role in all layers of security. All of the technological systems that are employed to enhance physical security are useless without a security force that is trained in their use and maintenance, and which knows how to properly respond to breaches in security. Security personnel perform many functions: patrolling facilities, administering electronic access control, responding to alarms, and monitoring and analyzing video footage.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiversity has learning resources about <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Physical_security" class="extiw external" title="v:Physical security">Physical security</a></b></i></div></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Physical_security" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Physical security">Physical security</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a href="Alarm_management" title="Alarm management">Alarm management</a></li>

<li><a href="Artificial_intelligence_for_video_surveillance" title="Artificial intelligence for video surveillance">Artificial intelligence for video surveillance</a></li>

<li><a href="Biometric_device" title="Biometric device">Biometric device</a></li>

<li><a href="Biometrics" title="Biometrics">Biometrics</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_security" title="Computer security">Computer security</a></li>

<li><a href="Door_security" title="Door security">Door security</a></li>

<li><a href="Executive_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive protection">Executive protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Guard_tour_patrol_system" title="Guard tour patrol system">Guard tour patrol system</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_security" title="Information security">Information security</a></li>

<li><a href="Infrastructure_security" title="Infrastructure security">Infrastructure security</a></li>

<li><a href="Logical_security" title="Logical security">Logical security</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear security">Nuclear security</a></li>

<li><a href="Perimeter_intrusion_detection_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Perimeter intrusion detection system">Perimeter intrusion detection system</a></li>

<li><a href="Physical_Security_Professional" title="Physical Security Professional">Physical Security Professional</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_alarm" title="Security alarm">Security alarm</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_company" title="Security company">Security company</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_convergence" title="Security convergence">Security convergence</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_engineering" title="Security engineering">Security engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Surveillance" title="Surveillance">Surveillance</a></li>

<li><a href="High-voltage_transformer_fire_barriers" title="High-voltage transformer fire barriers">High-voltage transformer fire barriers</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation book cs1">"Chapter 1: Physical Security Challenges". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/3-19-30/ch1.htm"><i>Field Manual 3-19.30: Physical Security</i></a>. Headquarters, United States Department of Army. 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313232001/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/3-19-30/ch1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-03-13.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGarcia,_Mary_Lynn2007" class="citation book cs1">Garcia, Mary Lynn (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NDMVuN_4VfIC&pg=PA1"><i>Design and Evaluation of Physical Protection Systems</i></a>. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>11. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780080554280</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921071009/http://books.google.com/books?id=NDMVuN_4VfIC&pg=PA1">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-09-21.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Chapter 2: The Systems Approach". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/3-19-30/ch2.htm"><i>Field Manual 3-19.30: Physical Security</i></a>. Headquarters, United States Department of Army. 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055650/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/3-19-30/ch2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-09-21.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Security_Engineering-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Security_Engineering_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson,_Ross2001" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Ross (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/securityengineer00ande"><i>Security Engineering</i></a></span>. Wiley. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-471-38922-4</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a detailed discussion on natural surveillance and CPTED, see <cite id="CITEREFFennelly,_Lawrence_J.2012" class="citation book cs1">Fennelly, Lawrence J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hfuODGScv_0C&pg=PA4"><i>Effective Physical Security</i></a>. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. <span class="nowrap">4–</span>6. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780124158924</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105015948/https://books.google.com/books?id=hfuODGScv_0C&pg=PA4">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-05.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-PhysicalSecurity-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PhysicalSecurity_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTask_CommitteeStructural_Engineering_Institute1999" class="citation book cs1">Task Committee; Structural Engineering Institute (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1j5TNJCwI6wC"><i>Structural Design for Physical Security</i></a>. ASCE. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7844-0457-7</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105015948/https://books.google.com/books?id=1j5TNJCwI6wC&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-05.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBaker,_Paul_R.2012" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Paul R. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U7U6Lc2ZYaYC&pg=PA47">"Security Construction Projects"</a>. In Baker, Paul R.; Benny, Daniel J. (eds.). <i>The Complete Guide to Physical Security</i>. CRC Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781420099638</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105015948/https://books.google.com/books?id=U7U6Lc2ZYaYC&pg=PA47">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-05.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Chapter 4: Protective Barriers". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/3-19-30/ch4.htm"><i>Field Manual 3-19.30: Physical Security</i></a>. Headquarters, United States Department of Army. 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313231758/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/3-19-30/ch4.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-03-13.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTalbot,_JulianJakeman,_Miles2011" class="citation book cs1">Talbot, Julian & Jakeman, Miles (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5xAhp9B1264C&pg=PT73"><i>Security Risk Management Body of Knowledge</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. pp. <span class="nowrap">72–</span>73. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781118211267</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105015948/https://books.google.com/books?id=5xAhp9B1264C&pg=PT73">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-05.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKovacich,_Gerald_L.Halibozek,_Edward_P.2003" class="citation book cs1">Kovacich, Gerald L. & Halibozek, Edward P. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WZ9_hnqNpH0C&pg=PA193"><i>The Manager's Handbook for Corporate Security: Establishing and Managing a Successful Assets Protection Program</i></a>. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. <span class="nowrap">192–</span>193. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780750674874</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105015948/https://books.google.com/books?id=WZ9_hnqNpH0C&pg=PA193">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-05.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Chapter 6: Electronic Security Systems". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/3-19-30/ch6.htm"><i>Field Manual 3-19.30: Physical Security</i></a>. Headquarters, United States Department of Army. 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313231931/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/3-19-30/ch6.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-03-13.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFennelly,_Lawrence_J.2012" class="citation book cs1">Fennelly, Lawrence J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hfuODGScv_0C&pg=PA345"><i>Effective Physical Security</i></a>. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. <span class="nowrap">345–</span>346. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780124158924</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921072054/http://books.google.com/books?id=hfuODGScv_0C&pg=PA345">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-09-21.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121101083705/http://isc.temple.edu/economics/wkpapers/Pubs/FalsePolicy.pdf">"Evaluation of alternative policies to combat false emergency calls"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 238. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isc.temple.edu/economics/wkpapers/Pubs/FalsePolicy.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-11-01.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121101083705/http://isc.temple.edu/economics/wkpapers/Pubs/FalsePolicy.pdf">"Evaluation of alternative policies to combat false emergency calls"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 233. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isc.temple.edu/economics/wkpapers/Pubs/FalsePolicy.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-11-01.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urban.org/uploadedpdf/412401-Evaluating-the-Use-of-Public-Surveillance-Cameras-for-Crime-Control-and-Prevention-A-Summary.pdf">"Evaluating the Use of Public Surveillance Cameras for Crime Control and Prevention"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121201231521/http://www.urban.org/uploadedpdf/412401-Evaluating-the-Use-of-Public-Surveillance-Cameras-for-Crime-Control-and-Prevention-A-Summary.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2012-12-01.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCrowell,_William_P.2011" class="citation book cs1">Crowell, William P.; et al. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a4h_c4TqZM4C&pg=PA445">"Intelligent Video Analytics"</a>. In Cole, Eric (ed.). <i>Physical and Logical Security Convergence</i>. Syngress. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780080558783</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105015948/https://books.google.com/books?id=a4h_c4TqZM4C&pg=PA445">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-05.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDufour,_Jean-Yves2012" class="citation book cs1">Dufour, Jean-Yves (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YYGIFHgxFIgC"><i>Intelligent Video Surveillance Systems</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781118577868</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105015948/https://books.google.com/books?id=YYGIFHgxFIgC&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-05.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCaputo,_Anthony_C.2010" class="citation book cs1">Caputo, Anthony C. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nf40glaXZooC"><i>Digital Video Surveillance and Security</i></a>. Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780080961699</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130929052842/http://books.google.com/books?id=Nf40glaXZooC&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-09-29.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTyska,_Louis_A.Fennelly,_Lawrence_J.2000" class="citation book cs1">Tyska, Louis A. & Fennelly, Lawrence J. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XQuUY8FSq5EC&pg=PA3"><i>Physical Security: 150 Things You Should Know</i></a>. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 3. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780750672559</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105015948/https://books.google.com/books?id=XQuUY8FSq5EC&pg=PA3">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-05.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Chapter 7: Access Control". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/3-19-30/ch7.htm"><i>Field Manual 3-19.30: Physical Security</i></a>. Headquarters, United States Department of Army. 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070510060217/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/3-19-30/ch7.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-05-10.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPearson,_Robert2011" class="citation book cs1">Pearson, Robert (2011). "Chapter 1: Electronic Access Control". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pnR-lR0nikgC&pg=PA1"><i>Electronic Security Systems: A Manager's Guide to Evaluating and Selecting System Solutions</i></a>. Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780080494708</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105015948/https://books.google.com/books?id=pnR-lR0nikgC&pg=PA1">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-05.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFReid,_Robert_N.2005" class="citation book cs1">Reid, Robert N. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rqFQdGnyXsYC&pg=PA237">"Guards and guard forces"</a>. <i>Facility Manager's Guide to Security: Protecting Your Assets</i>. The Fairmont Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780881734836</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105015948/https://books.google.com/books?id=rqFQdGnyXsYC&pg=PA237">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-05.</cite></span>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npsa.gov.uk/tools-catalogues-and-standards">UK NPSA Tools, Catalogues and Standards</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Locks,_locksmithing,_lock_picking,_and_security_alarms721" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Lock_and_key" title="Lock and key">Locks</a>, <a href="Locksmithing" title="Locksmithing">locksmithing</a>, <a href="Lock_picking" title="Lock picking">lock picking</a>, and <a href="Security_alarm" title="Security alarm">security alarms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundamental concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Access_control" title="Access control">Access control</a></li>

<li><a href="Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a></li>

<li><a href="Key_control" title="Key control">Key control</a></li>

<li><a href="Key_duplication" title="Key duplication">Key duplication</a></li>

<li><a href="Key_relevance" title="Key relevance">Key relevance</a></li>

<li><a href="Master_keying" title="Master keying">Master keying</a></li>

<li><a href="Password" title="Password">Password</a></li>

<li><a href="Rekeying" title="Rekeying">Rekeying</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lock hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bitting_(key)" title="Bitting (key)">Bitting</a></li>

<li><a href="Interchangeable_core" title="Interchangeable core">Interchangeable core</a></li>

<li><a href="Key_blank" title="Key blank">Key blank</a></li>

<li><a href="Key_retainer" title="Key retainer">Key retainer</a></li>

<li><a href="Lockrod" title="Lockrod">Lockrod</a></li>

<li><a href="Lockset" title="Lockset">Lockset</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bored_cylindrical_lock" title="Bored cylindrical lock">Bored cylindrical lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Mortise_lock" title="Mortise lock">Mortise lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Single-point_locking" title="Single-point locking">Single-point locking</a></li>

<li><a href="Three-point_locking" title="Three-point locking">Three-point locking</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Berlin_key" title="Berlin key">Berlin key</a></li>

<li><a href="Keychain" title="Keychain">Keychain</a></li>

<li><a href="Skeleton_key" title="Skeleton key">Skeleton key</a></li>

<li><a href="Smart_key" title="Smart key">Smart key</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mechanical locks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Warded_lock" title="Warded lock">Warded lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Pin_tumbler_lock" title="Pin tumbler lock">Pin tumbler lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Disc_tumbler_lock" title="Disc tumbler lock">Disc tumbler lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Lever_tumbler_lock" title="Lever tumbler lock">Lever tumbler lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnetic_keyed_lock" title="Magnetic keyed lock">Magnetic keyed lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Padlock" title="Padlock">Padlock</a></li>

<li><a href="Combination_lock" title="Combination lock">Combination lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Rotary_combination_lock" title="Rotary combination lock">Rotary combination lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Time-delay_combination_locks" title="Time-delay combination locks">Time-delay combination locks</a></li>

<li><a href="Tubular_pin_tumbler_lock" title="Tubular pin tumbler lock">Tubular pin tumbler lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Wafer_tumbler_lock" title="Wafer tumbler lock">Wafer tumbler lock</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electronic locks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Electromagnetic_lock" title="Electromagnetic lock">Electromagnetic lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_lock" title="Electronic lock">Electronic lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Electric_strike" title="Electric strike">Electric strike</a></li>

<li><a href="Keycard_lock" title="Keycard lock">Keycard lock</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other lock types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bicycle_lock" title="Bicycle lock">Bicycle lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Bramah_lock" title="Bramah lock">Bramah lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Chubb_detector_lock" title="Chubb detector lock">Chubb detector lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Child_safety_lock" title="Child safety lock">Child safety lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Kensington_Security_Slot" title="Kensington Security Slot">Kensington Security Slot</a></li>

<li><a href="Latch" title="Latch">Latch</a></li>

<li><a href="Luggage_lock" title="Luggage lock">Luggage lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Power_door_locks" title="Power door locks">Power door locks</a></li>

<li><a href="Protector_lock" title="Protector lock">Protector lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Real-estate_lock_box" title="Real-estate lock box">Real-estate lock box</a></li>

<li><a href="Steering-wheel_lock" title="Steering-wheel lock">Steering-wheel lock</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Lock_picking" title="Lock picking">Lock picking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lock_bumping" title="Lock bumping">Lock bumping</a></li>

<li><a href="Locksport" title="Locksport">Locksport</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Door" title="Door">Door hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Door_chain" title="Door chain">Door chain</a></li>

<li><a href="Door_closer" title="Door closer">Door closer</a></li>

<li><a href="Door_frame" title="Door frame">Door frame</a></li>

<li><a href="Door_furniture" title="Door furniture">Door furniture</a></li>

<li><a href="Door_security" title="Door security">Door security</a></li>

<li><a href="Doorknob" class="mw-redirect" title="Doorknob">Doorknob</a></li>

<li><a href="Doorstop" title="Doorstop">Doorstop</a></li>

<li><a href="Hinge" title="Hinge">Hinge</a></li>

<li><a href="Night_latch" title="Night latch">Night latch</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emergency access/exit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Crash_bar" title="Crash bar">Crash bar</a></li>

<li><a href="Electromagnetic_door_holder" title="Electromagnetic door holder">Electromagnetic door holder</a></li>

<li><a href="Emergency_exit" title="Emergency exit">Emergency exit</a></li>

<li><a href="Emergency_light" title="Emergency light">Emergency light</a></li>

<li><a href="Exit_control_lock" title="Exit control lock">Exit control lock</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Security_alarm" title="Security alarm">Security alarms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alarm_device" title="Alarm device">Alarm device</a></li>

<li><a href="Alarm_monitoring_center" title="Alarm monitoring center">Alarm monitoring center</a></li>

<li><a href="Car_alarm" title="Car alarm">Car alarm</a></li>

<li><a href="Card_reader" title="Card reader">Card reader</a></li>

<li><a href="Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">Closed-circuit television</a></li>

<li><a href="Fingerprint_scanner" title="Fingerprint scanner">Fingerprint scanner</a></li>

<li><a href="Glass_break_detector" title="Glass break detector">Glass break detector</a></li>

<li><a href="Heat_detector" title="Heat detector">Heat detector</a></li>

<li><a href="Key_switch" title="Key switch">Key switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Keypad" title="Keypad">Keypad</a></li>

<li><a href="Miniature_snap-action_switch" title="Miniature snap-action switch">Miniature snap-action switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Motion_detector" title="Motion detector">Motion detector</a></li>

<li><a href="Occupancy_sensor" title="Occupancy sensor">Occupancy sensor</a></li>

<li><a href="Passive_infrared_sensor" title="Passive infrared sensor">Passive infrared sensor</a> (PIR)</li>

<li><a href="Perimeter_intrusion_detection" title="Perimeter intrusion detection">Perimeter intrusion detection</a></li>

<li><a href="Photoelectric_sensor" title="Photoelectric sensor">Photoelectric sensor</a></li>

<li><a href="Piezo_switch" title="Piezo switch">Piezo switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Pressure_switch" title="Pressure switch">Pressure switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Proximity_card" title="Proximity card">Proximity card</a></li>

<li><a href="Reed_switch" title="Reed switch">Reed switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Tripwire" title="Tripwire">Tripwire</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultrasonic_transducer" title="Ultrasonic transducer">Ultrasonic transducer</a></li>

<li><a href="Vandal-resistant_switch" title="Vandal-resistant switch">Vandal-resistant switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_detector" title="Water detector">Water detector</a></li>

<li><a href="Window_security" title="Window security">Window security</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Glossary_of_locksmithing_terms" title="Glossary of locksmithing terms">Glossary of locksmithing terms</a></li>

<li><a href="John_M._Mossman_Lock_Museum" title="John M. Mossman Lock Museum">John M. Mossman Lock Museum</a></li>

<li><a href="Lock_Museum" title="Lock Museum">Lock Museum</a></li>

<li><a href="Lock_Museum_of_America" title="Lock Museum of America">Lock Museum of America</a></li>

<li><a href="Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Serrure" title="Musée de la Serrure">Musée de la Serrure</a></li>

<li><a href="Puzzle_lock" title="Puzzle lock">Puzzle lock</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category:Locksmithing</li>

<li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Locks_(security_devices)" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Locks (security devices)">Locks</a></b></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-17" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Physical_security&oldid=1296036142">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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